Motivation is the internal process that initiates, guides, and sustains goal-oriented behaviors. It encompasses the reasons or drives behind an individual’s actions, desires, and needs, influencing how much effort one is willing to exert to achieve a specific objective. Motivation can be intrinsic, arising from within an individual, such as personal satisfaction or the joy of completing a task, or extrinsic, driven by external factors like rewards, recognition, or avoidance of negative consequences. Different theories of motivation, such as Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, self-determination theory, and expectancy theory, highlight various aspects of what motivates people and how those motivations affect behavior.
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